here was significant disagreement between patients and oncologists surrounding prognosis and goals of care. Interventions are needed to improve patients’ understanding of prognosis, which will help them make more informed, value-aligned treatment choices.

Patients with blood cancer are known to have poor levels of illness understanding, and the role of patient-oncologist discordance is not well studied. We surveyed patients and oncologists about their understanding of disease prognosis, goals of care, and quality of life. We measured differences in patients’ and oncologists’ understanding of these key factors by comparing survey responses. There was significant disagreement between patients and oncologists surrounding prognosis and goals of care. Interventions are needed to improve patients’ understanding of prognosis, which will help them make more informed, value-aligned treatment choices.Cable bacteria are sulfide-oxidising, filamentous bacteria that reduce toxic sulfide levels, suppress methane emissions and drive nutrient and carbon cycling in sediments. Recently, cable bacteria have been found associated with roots of aquatic plants and rice (Oryza sativa). PKC-theta inhibitor solubility dmso However, the extent to which cable bacteria are associated with aquatic plants in nature remains unexplored. Using newly generated and public 16S rRNA gene sequence datasets combined with fluorescence in situ hybridisation, we investigated the distribution of cable bacteria around the roots of aquatic plants, encompassing seagrass (including seagrass seedlings), rice, freshwater and saltmarsh plants. Diverse cable bacteria were found associated with roots of 16 out of 28 plant species and at 36 out of 55 investigated sites, across four continents. Plant-associated cable bacteria were confirmed across a variety of ecosystems, including marine coastal environments, estuaries, freshwater streams, isolated pristine lakes and intensive agricultural systems. This pattern indicates that this plant-microbe relationship is globally widespread and neither obligate nor species specific. The occurrence of cable bacteria in plant rhizospheres may be of general importance to vegetation vitality, primary productivity, coastal restoration practices and greenhouse gas balance of rice fields and wetlands.

To examine the association between white matter hyperintensities (WMH) and cognitive domains such as memory and executive function (EF) across different clinical and biomarker categories of Alzheimer’s disease (AD).

Cross-sectional study.

Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative.

A total of 216 cognitively normal (CN) participants and 407 participants with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) from the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) at baseline.

Based on the 2018 research framework, participants were classified using AT(N) (amyloid-β deposition [A], pathologic tau [T], and neurodegeneration [(N)]) biomarkers into one of three categories biomarker negative [A - T- (N)-], amyloid negative but other biomarker positive [A - T ± (N)+ or A-T + (N)±] or amyloid positive [A + T ± (N)±]. Linear regression models were then used to examine the association between WMH and memory composite scores and EF composite scores.

Higher WMH burden was associated with worse EF in both CN and MCI subgroups while a significant association between WMH and memory was only found in the MCI subgroup. Furthermore, WMH was associated with EF in the group with A - T ± (N)+ or A-T + (N)± biomarker category, but not for A - T - (N)- (normal biomarker) and A + T ± (N) ± (AD pathology). The association between higher WMH and worse memory was independent of amyloid levels in individuals with MCI with evidence of AD pathology.

Vascular disease, as indexed by WMH, independent of AD pathology affects cognitive function in both CN and MCI subgroups. Future studies using the AT(N) research framework should consider white matter lesions as a key biomarker contributing to the clinical presentation of AD.

Vascular disease, as indexed by WMH, independent of AD pathology affects cognitive function in both CN and MCI subgroups. Future studies using the AT(N) research framework should consider white matter lesions as a key biomarker contributing to the clinical presentation of AD.

Thyroid hormones play a crucial role in foetal growth and neurocognitive development. Our aim was to compare a weight-based dosing method of starting thyroxine to a fixed-dose method in newly diagnosed women with subclinical hypothyroidism during pregnancy.

We performed a retrospective cohort study of consecutive women with newly diagnosed subclinical hypothyroidism during pregnancy seen at Mount Sinai Hospital and Women’s College Hospital, Toronto, Canada 2015-2018.

We identified women that were treated based on pre-pregnancy weight and those that were given a fixed dose of 50 mcg/day.

The percent of women who reached the target TSH of <2.5mIU/L within 4-8weeks was compared using a chi-squared test and a logistic regression model, adjusting for age, initial TSH and gestational age treatment was started.

393 women were included 252 treated using a fixed-dose approach; 141 treated based on pre-pregnancy weight. In the unadjusted analysis, there was no difference between the groups in the percentage of women in the target range within 4-8weeks (89.6% in the fixed-dose group vs 88.8% in the weight-based group (p=.954)). However, after adjustment for between-group differences in age, initial TSH and gestational age treatment was started, there was a significantly greater odds of achieving the target range using the weight-based dosing (OR 4.26 (1.60-11.7), p=.004).

Treating women with newly diagnosed subclinical hypothyroidism during pregnancy with a weight-based strategy increased the odds of reaching the target TSH range within 4-8weeks. Clinicians caring for these women should consider this approach when starting treatment during pregnancy.

Treating women with newly diagnosed subclinical hypothyroidism during pregnancy with a weight-based strategy increased the odds of reaching the target TSH range within 4-8 weeks. Clinicians caring for these women should consider this approach when starting treatment during pregnancy.