In this commentary, we welcome Schimmack’s reanalysis of Bar-Anan and Vianello’s multitrait multimethod (MTMM) data set, and we highlight some limitations of both the original and the secondary analyses. We note that when testing the fit of a confirmatory model to a data set, theoretical justifications for the choices of the measures to include in the model and how to construct the model improve the informational value of the results. We show that making different, theory-driven specification choices leads to different results and conclusions than those reported by Schimmack (this issue, p. ♦♦♦). Therefore, Schimmack’s reanalyses of our data are insufficient to cast doubt on the Implicit Association Test (IAT) as a measure of automatic judgment. We note other reasons why the validation of the IAT is still incomplete but conclude that, currently, the IAT is the best available candidate for measuring automatic judgment at the person level.The mitochondrial AAA ATPase Msp1 is well known for extraction of mis-localized tail-anchored ER proteins from the mitochondrial outer membrane. Here, we analyzed the extraction of precursors blocking the import pore in the outer membrane. We demonstrate strong genetic interactions of Msp1 and the proteasome with components of the TOM complex, the main translocase in the outer membrane. Msp1 and the proteasome both contribute to the removal of arrested precursor proteins that specifically accumulate in these mutants. The proteasome activity is essential for the removal as proteasome inhibitors block extraction. Furthermore, the proteasomal subunit Rpn10 co-purified with Msp1. The human Msp1 homologue has been implicated in neurodegenerative diseases and we show that the lack of the Caenorhabditis elegans Msp1 homologue triggers an import stress response in the worm, which indicates a conserved role in metazoa. In summary, our results suggest a role of Msp1 as adaptor for the proteasome which drives the extraction of arrested and mis-localized proteins at the mitochondrial outer membrane.Introduction Vestibular schwannoma (VS) is a slow-growing, benign tumor that is usually diagnosed when symptoms develop. Surgical management aims to reduce long-term sequelae (LTS) associated with late diagnosis.Objective Identify predictive factors of LTS after VS surgery and clinical outcome measured by modified Rankin scale (mRS).Methods This cohort study included patients submitted to VS surgery from 1999 to 2014, with a mean follow-up of 6.4 ± 4.5 years. Disability was assessed across the mRS the primary outcome was defined by scores 3 to 6, which implied poor outcome in neurological recovery. Predictive factors were identified through multivariate logistic regression.Results A total of 101 patients were included in this study. Fifty-one (50.49%) presented mRS ≥ 3 on the late postoperative period. Men comprise 22.8%, and the mean age was 47.1 ± 16.0 years (range19-80). Patients with mRS ≥ 3 presented larger tumors (3.7 ± 1.1 cm vs. 3.2 ± 1.0 cm, p  less then  .001), less total resection (50% vs. 76.7%, p.DNA damaging chemotherapeutics are widely used in cancer treatments, but for solid tumors often leave a residual tumor cell population. Here we investigated how cellular states might affect the response of individual cells in a clonal population to cisplatin, a DNA damaging chemotherapeutic agent. Using a live-cell reporter of cell cycle phase and long-term imaging, we monitored single cell proliferation before, at the time of, and after treatment. We found that in response to cisplatin, cells either arrested or died, and the ratio of these outcomes depended on the dose. While we found that cell cycle phase at the time of cisplatin addition was not predictive of outcome, the proliferative history of the cell was highly proliferative cells were more likely to arrest than to die, whereas slowly proliferating cells showed a higher probability of death. Information theory analysis revealed that the dose of cisplatin had the greatest influence on the cells’ decisions to arrest or die, and that the proliferation status interacted with the cisplatin dose to further guide this decision. These results show an unexpected effect of proliferation status on regulating responses to cisplatin, and suggest that slow proliferating cells within tumors may be acutely vulnerable to chemotherapy. [Media see text] [Media see text] [Media see text] [Media see text].Background Horizontal canal BPPV (HC-BPPV) has a higher recurrence rate than PC-BPPV. Which maneuver is better for its prognosis is still uncertain.Objective To compare the long-term recurrence rate after Gufoni and Barbecue maneuver.Materials and methods We prospectively collected 61 cases of HC-BPPV which were initially diagnosed in our hospital from the first episode, and had already ruled out other diseases. Roll them into Gufoni group and Barbecue group alternatively. After the maneuver, we followed them up until December 2016. Mean follow-up time was 49.25 months.Results The recurrence rate is 18.0% in the first year, 14.8% after the first year, and 31.1% overall. learn more There is no statistically significant difference between Gufoni group and Barbecue group (p > .05). Age is statistically significant as a risk factor of recurrence (p less then .05).Conclusions and significance Barbecue maneuver is as good as Gufoni maneuver. The recurrence rate is only related to age. We suggest the disease relapsed within the 1st year as recurrence rather than a new disease.Background For many years experts have called for randomized controlled trials to resolve the question whether tonsillectomy, which is associated with significant comorbidity, can be replaced by partial tonsillectomy in patients with recurrent tonsillitis.Objective To find out whether subtotal tonsillectomy is a suitable therapeutic alternative to total tonsillectomy in adult patients with recurrent episodes of acute tonsillitis.Material and methods Study design – Single-blind prospective non-inferiority randomized clinical trial with intraindividual design. Setting – 80 patients were recruited at a tertiary referral center. Subjects – Adult patients with recurrent tonsillitis received total tonsillectomy on one side and subtotal tonsillectomy on the other side after randomization. Main outcome measure was frequency of postoperative tonsillitis on the side of subtotal tonsillectomy and postoperative pharyngitis in the former tonsil area on the side of total tonsillectomy. The study was registered in the German Clinical Trials Register (DRKS-ID DRKS00015628).