In addition, the photosynthetic inhibitions of MOF-199 were stronger than equivalent concentrations of Cu(NO3)2, implying that MOF-199 particles also contributed to the environmental hazards. Our results highlighted the potential threat of MOF materials to plant growth and photosynthesis.The present study analysed time (0.5 h to 24 h) and tissue [roots, old leaves (OL) and young leaves (YL)] dependent nature of arsenic (As) accumulation and ensuing responses in two contrasting varieties of rice (Oryza sativa L.); Pooja (tolerant) and CO-50 (moderately sensitive). Arsenic accumulation was 5.4-, 4.7- and 7.3-fold higher at 24 h in roots, OL and YL, respectively of var. CO-50 than that in var. Pooja. Arsenic accumulation in YL depicted a delayed accumulation; at 2 h onwards in var. Pooja (0.23 µg g-1 dw) while at 1 h onwards in var. CO50 (0.26 µg g-1 dw). Zanubrutinib The responses of oxidative stress parameters, antioxidant enzymes, metabolites and ions were also found to be tissue- and time-dependent and depicted differential pattern in the two varieties. Among hormone, salicylic acid and abscisic acid showed variable response in var. Pooja and var. CO-50. Metabolite analysis depicted an involvement of various metabolites in As stress responses of two varieties. In conclusion, an early sensing of the As stress, proper coordination of hormones, biochemical responses, ionic and metabolic profiles allowed var. Pooja to resist As stress and reduce As accumulation more effectively as compared to that of var. CO-50.Powdered-photocatalysis of organic wastewater is widely investigated, unfortunately not industrially implemented due to its high energy requirement. Interestingly, such issue may be alleviated via the elimination of mechanical stirring required. Core-shell ZnO-based photocatalysts were developed herein, subsequently demonstrated efficient photocatalytic activities in the absence of mechanical stirring. Results show that the developed SiO2-cored ZnO photocatalyst are highly crystalline, while significantly smaller than coreless, pure ZnO due to the multi-point crystallization prompted. Additionally, it is also inherited with considerable buoyancy ability from SiO2-core in the absence of mechanical stirring, concurrently rendered with UV-active properties due to its ZnO-shell. Experimentally, 55% of particles of ZnO_0.0025 (0.0025 mol of ZnO-deposition) were found stably suspended for 60 min in liquid substrate, as opposed to the instant-settling of pure ZnO particles. In term of photocatalytic activity, ZnO_0.01 manifested the best methylene blue (MB) degradation with 150 mL/min of O2-bubbling. 67.63% of MB was degraded with photocatalyst loading of 0.2 g/L after 120 min UV-irradiation, simultaneously recorded the highest pseudo-first order reaction constant of 9.636 × 10-3 min-1. As summary, the auto-suspending photocatalysis conceptualized in current study offers a high possibility in reducing energy requirement for photo-treatment of wastewater, hence advocating its industrialization potential in near future.The inhibition of bromate formation is a challenge for the application of ozonation in water treatment due to the carcinogenicity and nephrotoxicity of bromate. In this study, the high-mobility lattice oxygen-rich MnOOH nanorods were synthesized successfully and applied for the bromate inhibition during catalytic ozonation in bromide and organic pollutants-containing wastewater treatment. The catalytic ozonation system using lattice oxygen-rich MnOOH nanorods exhibited an excellent performance in bromate control with an inhibition efficiency of 54.1% compared with the sole ozonation process. Furthermore, with the coexistence of 4-nitrophenol, the catalytic ozonation process using lattice oxygen-rich MnOOH nanorods could inhibit the bromate formation and boost the degradation of 4-nitrophenol simultaneously. Based on the experiments of ozone decomposition, surface manganese inactivation and reactive oxygen species detection, the inhibition of bromate could be attributed to the effective decomposition of ozone with generating more ·O2- and the reduction of bromate into bromide by lattice oxygen-rich MnOOH. The existed surface Mn(IV) on lattice oxygen-rich MnOOH can accept electrons from lattice oxygen and ·O2- to generate surface transient Mn(II)/Mn(III), in which Mn(II)/Mn(III) can promote the reduction of bromate into bromide during catalytic ozonation. This study provides a promising strategy for the development of bromate-controlling technologies in water treatment.Chlorinated organic compounds are ubiquitously detected in saline waters. The photochlorination of organic compounds is one possible source, and chlorine radicals originating from other photosensitive substances have been reported to be responsible for organic compounds chlorination in previous reports. In this study, benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) chlorination in 10% acetonitrile/NaCl aqueous solution was initiated by self-sensitization of BaP, while chlorine radicals were not involved in the reaction. After 45 min of photoreaction in four seawater samples, chlorinated product (6-ClBaP) accounted for 10-17% of the fraction of transformed BaP, which was higher than that previously reported. The influences of Cl-, pH, humic acid, electron donors, and particulate matter on the formation of chlorobenzo[a]pyrene were systematically investigated. A self-sensitized photochlorination reaction mechanism was proposed as follow photoexited BaP was activated to singlet state and then transformed to triplet state through inter-system crossing. Then the excited triplet state and oxygen formed [3BaP*-3O2] or [BaP-1O2] complex, which further reacted with Cl- to produce 6-ClBaP.Specific to strongly acidic wastewater, the traditional lime neutralization produces massive hazardous waste and present serious environmental risks. Thus, the recycling of purified wastewater after the contained contaminants being removed has been proposed. However, among these contaminants, chloride ion (Cl(-I)) is rather difficult to remove. This study proposes a new method to remove Cl(-I) using thermal activated persulfate (PS). Under optimized conditions, above 96% of initial Cl(-I) was removed from the actual wastewater, and the residual Cl(-I) was below 158 mg/L, which satisfies the requirement of Cl(-I) concentration for wastewater recycling. Furthermore, the mechanism was investigated. In the strongly acidic wastewater, the high concentration of H+ prompted the thermal activation process of PS through two pathways. (1) H+ prompted the transformation of S2O82- into HSO4- and SO4, and then into HSO5- that was finally transformed into ·OH and ·SO4- at above 70 ℃. (2) H+ prompted the production of ·OH through the transformation of ·SO4- into ·HSO4 and the cleavage of ·HSO4.