To investigate the capability of delta-radiomics to predict pathological complete response (pCR) after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (nCRT) in patients with locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC).

This retrospective study enrolled 165 consecutive patients with LARC (training set, n = 116; test set, n = 49) who received nCRT before surgery. All patients underwent pre- and post-nCRT MRI examination from which radiomics features were extracted. A delta-radiomics feature was defined as the percentage change in a radiomics feature from pre- to post-nCRT MRI. A data reduction and feature selection process including the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator algorithm was performed for building T2-weighted imaging (T2WI) and diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) delta-radiomics signature. Logistic regression was used to build a T2WI and DWI combined radiomics model. Receiver operating characteristic analysis was performed to assess diagnostic performance. Delong method was used to compare the performance of delta-radiomics model with that of magnetic resonance tumor regression grade (mrTRG).

Twenty-seven of 165 patients (16.4%) achieved pCR. T2WI and DWI delta-radiomics signature, and the combined model showed good predictive performance for pCR. mTOR inhibitor cancer The combined model achieved the highest areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves of 0.91 (95% confidence interval 0.85-0.98) and 0.91 (95% confidence interval 0.83-0.99) in the training and test sets, respectively (significantly greater than those for mrTRG; training set, p < 0.001; test set, p = 0.04).

MRI-based delta-radiomics can help predict pCR after nCRT in patients with LARC with better performance than mrTRG.

MRI-based delta-radiomics can help predict pCR after nCRT in patients with LARC with better performance than mrTRG.

To compare the ability of radiomics models including the perinodular parenchyma and standard nodular radiomics model in lung cancer diagnosis of solid pulmonary nodules smaller than 2 cm.

In this retrospective study, the computed tomography (CT) scans of 206 patients with a lung nodule from a single institution in 2012-2019 were collected. For each nodule, four volumes of interest were defined using the gross tumor volume (GTV) and peritumoral volumes (PTVs) of 5, 10, and 15 mm around the tumor.

Radiomics models created from GTV, GTV plus 5 mm of PTV, GTV plus 10 mm of PTV, and GTV plus 15 mm of PTV achieved AUCs of 0.89, 0.81, 0.81, and 0.73, respectively, in the validation cohort for the diagnostic classification of benign and malignant pulmonary nodules. The performance of the models gradually decreased as the PTV increased. Wavelet features were the primary features identified in optimal radiomics signatures (2/3 in R, 4/5 in GTV plus 5 mm PTV, 3/4 in GTV plus 10 mm PTV, 2/3 in GTV plus 15 mm PTV).

Our study indicated that the radiomics signatures of GTV had a good prediction ability in distinguishing benign and malignant solid pulmonary nodules smaller than 2 cm on CT. However, the radiomics feature of the surrounding parenchyma of the nodule did not enhance the effectiveness of the diagnostic model.

Our study indicated that the radiomics signatures of GTV had a good prediction ability in distinguishing benign and malignant solid pulmonary nodules smaller than 2 cm on CT. However, the radiomics feature of the surrounding parenchyma of the nodule did not enhance the effectiveness of the diagnostic model.

To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of five DE-CTA image reconstruction approaches for detection of lower extremity arterial stenosis using digital subtraction angiography as reference standard.

One hundred and eleven patients (63 males; mean age, 75.0 ± 9.7 years) who underwent clinically indicated lower extremity DE-CTA were included in this IRB-approved, HIPAA-compliant retrospective study. Routine multiplanar reconstructions (MPR), curved MPR (cMPR), DE-bone-and-calcified-plaque-subtraction (DE-CS), maximum-intensity projections (MIP), and DE-CS MPR were visually assessed for stenoses > 50%. Automatic objective stenosis grading was implemented on cMPRs. The effect of vessel calcification and luminal contrast on diagnostic performance was evaluated.

Sensitivity for stenosis detection was high (96.4%-98.6%) with no significant differences among reconstruction approaches. Specificity (74.9%-92.2%) and accuracy (86.9%-94.5%) varied significantly. Pronounced vessel wall calcification and inferior intral contrast attenuation, lower extremity DE-CTA possesses high sensitivity for detection of significant stenoses. Specificity and accuracy vary between reconstruction approaches, indicating the need for additional verification of potential stenotic lesions by use of MPR to reduce the number of unnecessary invasive DSAs due to false-positive CTA findings.

The aim of this study was to determine if a single or separate construct with interfragmentary screw was associated with higher rates non-union following first metatarsophalangeal joint (MTPJ) arthrodesis.

A retrospective analysis of patients undergoing first MTPJ arthrodesis between April 2010 and June 2017 was performed. Patients who received either a single (Stryker Anchorage 1 MTP Cross Plate) or separate (Stryker Anchorage 1 MTP locking plate with one Asnis partially threaded compression screw) construct locking plate and interfragmentary compression screw were reviewed. Descriptive statistics were generated for sample demographics and between-group differences were calculated. Multivariable regressions explored internal fixation type and association with non-union.

A total of 280 first MTPJ arthrodesis met the inclusion criteria and were reviewed. The incidence of non-union was 7.9% of procedures (22 joints). Following multivariable binary logistic regression, the single construct locking plate with interfragmentary compression screw was associated with an increased risk of non-union (OR 3.43, 95% CI 1.26-9.33), adjusting for age, gender and comorbidity.

A single construct interfragmentary screw and locking plate (Stryker Anchorage 1 MTP Cross Plate) was associated with an increased incidence of non-union following first MTPJ arthrodesis.

A single construct interfragmentary screw and locking plate (Stryker Anchorage 1 MTP Cross Plate) was associated with an increased incidence of non-union following first MTPJ arthrodesis.