Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) confined to the muscularis mucosae (MM) or up to 200µm of the submucosa (SM1) confers the risk for lymph node metastasis, and is defined as relative indication for endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) by the Japan Esophageal Society guidelines. Although additional surgical treatment after ESD is recommended, long-term outcomes of ESD compared with those of surgery have not been clarified. This study aimed to evaluate the long-term outcomes of ESD and surgery for cN0M0 relative indication lesions of ESCC.

Between 2006 and 2016, patients with relative indication lesions of ESCC who underwent ESD or surgery at nine participating hospitals were examined retrospectively. Using propensity score matching, we evaluated survival curves for and hazard ratios associated with endoscopic submucosal dissection and surgery.

In total, 155 lesions in the ESD group and 106 lesions in the surgery group met the pathological criteria of relative indication for endoscopic resection. After matching, 50 matched pairs of patients who underwent ESD or surgery were selected. The 5-year overall survival rates were 84.5% [95% confidence interval (CI) 68-93] in the ESD group and 79% [95% CI 60-90] in the surgery group. The hazard ratio of mortality for ESD compared with that for surgery estimated by Cox regression analysis was 0.79 (95% CI 0.3-2.06, p = 0.63).

Compared with surgery, ESD does not compromise long-term outcomes. ESD alone or ESD with chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy may be an option for the treatment of MM and SM1 ESCC.

Compared with surgery, ESD does not compromise long-term outcomes. ESD alone or ESD with chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy may be an option for the treatment of MM and SM1 ESCC.Autistic spectrum disorder (ASD) is a group of early-onset neurodevelopmental disorders characterized by impaired social and communication skills. Autism is widely described as a behavioral syndrome with multiple etiologies where may exhibit neurobiological, genetic, and psychological deficits. Studies have indicated that long term use of antibiotics can alter the intestinal flora followed by neuroendocrine changes, leading to behavioral changes. Indeed, previous studies demonstrate that a high dose of amoxicillin can change behavioral parameters in murine animal models. The objective was to evaluate behavioral and oxidative stress parameters in zebrafish exposed to a high dose of amoxicillin for 7 days. Young zebrafish were exposed to a daily concentration of amoxicillin (100 mg/L) for 7 days. Selleckchem JKE-1674 Subsequently, the behavioral analysis was performed, and the brain content was dissected for the evaluation of oxidative stress parameters. Zebrafish exposed to a high dose of amoxicillin showed locomotor alteration and decreased social interaction behavior. In addition, besides the significant decrease of sulfhydryl content, there was a marked decrease in catalase activity, as well as an increased superoxide dismutase activity in brain tissue. Thus, through the zebrafish model was possible to note a central effect related to the exposition of amoxicillin, the same as observed in murine models. Further, the present data reinforce the relation of the gut-brain-axis and the use of zebrafish as a useful tool to investigate new therapies for autistic traits.As one of the largest electronic waste (e-waste) disassembling sites in China, environmental quality and human health of Longtang town have always been the focus of concern and research. With the effective enforcement of relevant laws, most informal e-waste dismantling centers have been shut down, but heavy metals are non-biodegradable and easily enriched contaminants that are difficult to remove from the environment. This research investigated the heavy metal (Cd, Pb, Cu, Zn, As, and Cr) level in sediments, water, paddy soils, and the matched rice plants in Longtang, and assessed the potential ecological risk and human health risk of heavy metals. The results showed that the heavy metal content was highest in the sediment, followed by paddy soil and rice, the lowest in water, and the surface water was higher than groundwater. In the paddy soil, the heavy metal content in the topsoil was the highest, and all exceeded the soil background value of Guangdong Province, and the level of Cu (129.45 mg kg-1), Cd (0.44 mg kg-1), and Pb (100.63 mg kg-1) exceeded the national risk screening value (GB 15618-2018). Compared with previous studies, the contents of Cd, Cu, and Zn in soil showed a downward trend. Potential ecological risk assessment showed that the risk level of Cd in the topsoil was high, and the risk levels of Cd and Cu in the sediment were very high and considerable, respectively, posing a major risk to human health. In rice plants, heavy metals mainly accumulated in the roots of rice, and their migration ability in rice tissues was poor. The heavy metal level in grain was within the threshold value set by the Codex Alimentarius Commission (CAC, CXS 193-1995) or China (GB 2762-2017), and the risk level to human health was low. Accordingly, it is imperative to continuously monitor the content of heavy metals in the sediment and soil of Longtang, especially Cu and Cd.The urban groundwater of the Quaternary aquifer of the Lake Chad basin in N’Djamena has been subject to many hydrochemical studies. However, the results are often not presented in a way that enables water quality managers to make an appropriate decisions, which restrict development and poverty reduction efforts. The objective of the present study was to contribute the improved management of the local groundwater resources. A total of 85 groundwater samples were interpreted using hydrochemical techniques associated with integrated numerical indices and multivariate statistical analysis. The hydrochemical results coupled with the relative residence time of water have shown that the chemical composition of these waters is linked to geogenic and anthropogenic factors and to their proximity to the Chari-Logone rivers. These investigations showed that the groundwater quality in N’Djamena is characterized by a high spatial variability. This study also assessed the suitability of groundwater for user needs and identified areas which are more/less favorable for a specific use.