The outbreak of pneumonia known as coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has occurred in China since December 2019 and spread rapidly across the world. Pediatric medical workers have a serious imbalance doctor-patient ratio in China; they have accumulated experience during the fight against COVID-19; however, some flaws were revealed in their current medical system. Meanwhile, these problems were also reported in other countries. Thus far, the outbreak of COVID-19 is still rampant across the world. The experience from anti-COVID-19 could be useful and teach us to provide better medical services for Chinese children and prepare for similar public emergencies in the future. Furthermore, it also provides guidance for pediatric medical staff in managing COVID-19 in other developing countries.

To measure the prevalence of food insecurity and explore related characteristics and behaviours among people who inject drugs (PWID).

Cross-sectional analysis of a community-based programme for HIV infection among PWID (ARISTOTLE programme). Food insecurity was measured by the Household Food Insecurity Access Scale. Computer-assisted interviews and blood samples were also collected.

A fixed location in Athens Metropolitan Area, Greece, during 2012-2013.

In total, 2834 unique participants with history of injecting drug use in the past 12 months were recruited over four respondent-driven sampling rounds (approximately 1400/round).

More than 50 % of PWID were severely or moderately food insecure across all rounds. PWID were more likely to be severely food insecure if they were older than 40 years [adjusted OR (aOR) 1·71, 95 % CI 1·33-2·19], were women (aOR 1·49, 95 % CI 1·17-1·89), from Middle East countries (aOR v. from Greece 1·80, 95 % CI 1·04-3·11), had a lower educational level (primary or secondary school v. higher education; aOR 1·54, 95 % CI 1·29-1·84), had no current health insurance (aOR 1·45, 95 % CI 1·21-1·73), were homeless (aOR 17·1, 95 % CI 12·3-23·8) or were living with another drug user (aOR 1·55, 95 % CI 1·26-1·91) as compared with those living alone or with family/friends. HIV-infected PWID were more likely to be severely food insecure compared with uninfected (59·0 % v. 51·0 %, respectively, P = 0·002); however, this difference was attributed to the confounding effect of homelessness.

Moderate/severe food insecurity was a significant problem, reaching > 50 % in this sample of PWID and closely related to socio-demographic characteristics and especially homelessness.

50 % in this sample of PWID and closely related to socio-demographic characteristics and especially homelessness.

The current study explored changes in trend of anaemia and BMI among currently pregnant nullipara adolescent women against socio-economic determinants in India from 2005 through 2015. The association between anaemia in currently pregnant nullipara adolescent women v. currently pregnant nullipara older women of reproductive age was also explored.

We used the 2005 and the 2015 nationally representative Indian Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS). The outcomes of interest, anaemia and BMI, were measured based on the DHS methodology following WHO standards and indicators. Place of residence, educational attainment and wealth quintiles were used as determinants in the analysis.

India.

In total, 696 adolescent girls from the India 2005 DHS and 3041 adolescent girls from the India 2015 DHS.

The 10-year transition from 2005 to 2015 showed differences between the least and most wealthy sections of society, with heaviest gains in anaemia reduction over time among the latter (from 50·0 to < 40·0 %). The odds of anaemia were significantly higher among the adolescent population when compared with adult women both in 2005 and in 2015 (OR = 1·2).

Despite an overall improvement in the prevalence of both BMI < 18·5 and anaemia among adolescents nullipara in India, the adjusted risk of anaemia in the latter category was still significantly higher as compared with their adult counterparts. Since the inequalities evidenced during the first round of DHS remained unchanged in 2015, more investments in universal health care are needed in India.

Despite an overall improvement in the prevalence of both BMI less then 18·5 and anaemia among adolescents nullipara in India, the adjusted risk of anaemia in the latter category was still significantly higher as compared with their adult counterparts. Since the inequalities evidenced during the first round of DHS remained unchanged in 2015, more investments in universal health care are needed in India.The 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has stressed the health care system in Italy as well as around the world, with hospitals implementing their surge capacity to increase the number of available beds for patients positive to the virus.At the end of March, the Piemonte (Northern Italy) Government decided to build a temporary rapid-assembly emergency hospital for the treatment of mild and moderate COVID-19 patients, converting an existing concert hall in the city of Turin. find more The decision was prompted not only by the urgent need of hospital beds, but also by a forward-looking approach for the months immediately after the emergency, when it will be essential for conventional hospitals to return to a normal configuration.This paper documents the temporary hospital project, describing the site, the layout and the equipment, the idea behind structural choices, and the staff involved. The aim of the work is to share the experience and to provide some practical recommendations to other professionals who are fighting the COVID-19 pandemic worldwide.Since the beginning of 2020, the COVID-19 pandemic has dramatically influenced almost every aspect of human life. Activities requiring human gatherings have either been postponed, cancelled, or held completely virtually. To supplement lack of in-person contact, people have increasingly turned to virtual settings on-line, advantages of which include increased inclusivity and accessibility and reduction of carbon footprint. However, emerging online technologies cannot fully replace, in-person scientific events. In-person meetings are not susceptible to poor internet connectivity problems, and they provide novel opportunities for socialization, creating new collaborations, and sharing ideas. To continue such activities, a hybrid model for scientific events could be a solution offering both in-person and virtual components. While participants can freely choose the mode of their participation, virtual meetings would most benefit those who cannot attend in-person due to the limitations. In-person portions of meetings should be organized with full consideration of prevention and safety strategies including risk assessment and mitigation, venue and environmental sanitation, participant protection and disease prevention, and promoting the hybrid model.