” © 2020 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.OBJECTIVE Recreational legalization of cannabis may influence the medical use by patients. When only medical access was legally available in Canada, 4.3% of rheumatology patients reported use. With the current recreational legalization, we have reexamined the prevalence and characteristics of medical cannabis use in this same rheumatology setting. METHODS Consecutively attending rheumatology patients participated in an onsite survey comprising the following two questionnaires 1) demographic and disease information completed by the rheumatologist and 2) patient anonymous questionnaire of health status, cannabis use (recreational and/or medicinal), and characteristics of cannabis use. RESULTS Of 1047 attendees from June to August 2019, with 1000 participating, medical cannabis had been used by 12.6% of patients (95% confidence interval 10.7%-14.8%), with half continuing use for mostly pain relief. Discontinuation was due to lack of effect in 57% of patients and side effects in 28% of patients. Ever medical users were younger (61.2 vs. 64.9 years; P = 0.006), more likely unemployed/disabled (16.7% vs. 5.9%; P less then 0.001), and had more previous (47.6% vs. 25.5%; P less then 0.001) and current recreational cannabis use (17.5% vs. 3.1%; P less then 0.001) than nonusers. buy Dizocilpine Most patients used multiple methods of administration, including smoking, vaporizing, and using oral oil preparations, but were poorly knowledgeable of product content, which was bought solely via the legal medical route by only 20%, and only one-third disclosed their use to the rheumatologist. CONCLUSION Medical cannabis use has tripled for rheumatology patients since recreational legalization, with users being younger, not working, and having recreational cannabis experience. Concerning issues are the poor knowledge of the product being used, access via the nonmedical route, and nondisclosure to the physician. © 2020 The Authors. ACR Open Rheumatology published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of American College of Rheumatology.The medical needs of the transgender population are increasingly recognized within the American health care system. Hormone therapy and gender-affirming surgery present distinct anatomic, hormonal, infectious, and psychosocial issues among transgender kidney transplant donors and recipients. We present the first reported experience with kidney transplantation and donation in transgender patients. A single-center case series (1/2014-12/2018) comprising four transgender kidney transplant recipients and two transgender living donors was constructed and analyzed. Experts in transplant surgery, transplant psychiatry, transplant infectious disease, pharmacy, and endocrinology were consulted to discuss aspects of care for these patients. Four transgender patients identified as male-to-female and two as female-to-male. Three out of six had gender-affirming surgeries prior to transplant surgery, one of whom had further procedures posttransplant. Additionally, four patients were on hormone therapy. All six had psychiatric comorbidities. The four grafts have done well, with an average serum creatinine of 1.45 mg/dL at two years (range 1.01-1.85 mg/dL). However, patients encountered various postoperative complications, one of which was attributable to modified anatomy. Thus, transgender kidney transplant patients can present novel challenges with regards to surgical considerations as well as pre- and posttransplant care. Dedicated expertise is needed to optimize outcomes for this population. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.A syndrome (Zheng in Chinese) plays a critical role in disease identification, diagnosis, and treatment in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). Clinically, the liver Qi stagnation and spleen deficiency syndrome (LQSSDS) is one of the most common syndrome patterns. Over the past few decades, several animal models have been developed to understand the potential mechanisms of LQSSDS, but until now, simulation of the syndrome is still unclear. Recently, several studies have confirmed that an animal model combining a disease and a syndrome is appropriate for simulating TCM syndromes. Overlapping previous studies have reported that depression is highly associated with LQSSDS; hence, we attempted to develop a rat model combining depression and LQSSDS. We exposed the rats to different durations of chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS). Subsequently, the evaluation indicators at macrolevel consisted of behavioral tests including open field test, sucrose preference test, and forced swim test, food intake, body weight, white adipose tissue, fecal water content, visceral hypersensitivity, and small bowel transit, and the evaluation indicators at microlevel included changes of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. Serum D-xylose absorption was used to comprehensively confirm and assess whether the model was successful during the CUMS-induced process. The results showed that rats exposed to 6-week CUMS procedure exhibited significantly similar traits to the phenotypes of LQSSDS and depression. This study provided a new rat model for the LQSSDS and could potentially lead to a better understanding of the pathophysiology of LQSSDS and the development of new drugs for this syndrome. © 2020 American Association for Anatomy.BACKGROUND Infertility affects 7-12% of men and its etiology is unknown in half of cases. To fill this gap, use of the male genital tract colour-Doppler ultrasound (MGT-CDUS) has progressively expanded. However, MGT-CDUS still suffers from lack of standardization. Hence, the European Academy of Andrology(EAA) has promoted a multicenter study (“EAA ultrasound study”) to assess MGT-CDUS characteristics of healthy-fertile men to obtain normative parameters. OBJECTIVES To report (a)the development and methodology of the “EAA ultrasound study”, (b)the clinical characteristics of the cohort of healthy-fertile men and (c)the correlations of both fertility history and seminal features with clinical parameters. METHODS A cohort of 248 healthy-fertile men (35.3±5.9 years) was studied. All subjects were asked to undergo, within the same day, clinical, biochemical, seminal evaluation and MGT-CDUS before and after ejaculation. RESULTS The clinical, seminal and biochemical characteritics of the cohort have been reported here.