An up-to-date knowledge on the occupational risk related to electromagnetic fields (EMF) exposure and its prevention, and on the criteria and methods for an appropriate health surveillance (HS) of exposed workers are highly important, as EMF are almost ubiquitous; in recent years, relevant changes and advancements in the technologies applied have been observed, e.g. the introduction of new equipment for Magnetic Resonance, involving potentially higher exposures for operators, and the development of the 5G technology, using also EMF bands with millimetric wavelengths, not often applied previously; in Italy the new Legislative Decree 159/2016 has been promulgated, implementing the Directive 2013/35/EU and, accordingly, introducing several substantial changes to the Legislative Decree 81/2008 on safety and health at work, in particular to its fourth chapter of the eight section (“Physical Agents”), entitled “The protection of workers from the risks related to electromagnetic fields exposure”. For these reasonsf the workers, but also on the regulations and standards applicable, on the relevant occupational EMF exposure sources, on the possible adverse effects to be considered, including indications on the biological mechanisms involved, on the conditions of particular susceptibility to the EMF risk, on the criteria to be considered for the evaluation of “fitness to work” in case of occupational EMF exposure and finally also on the contents of adequate information and training for the workers exposed. As a final objective, the AIRM GL on HS of workers exposed to EMF will be proposed for public consultation to the Italian National Guidelines System, as required according to the Law n. 24/2017, also known as the «Gelli law».

Introduction. The formulation of the suitability for risk assessment from exposure to ionizing radiation in workers diagnosed with malignant tumor disease entails important implications of a professional, human, social, but also medical-legal, nature. By now, the management of such situations is an event anything but infrequent in the activity of the Authorized Physician the increase in the number of people staying in wore and the rise in the incidence and prevalence of malignant neoplastic diseases in the working-age population make the problem more relevant than ever. This is not only because of the improvement of the diagnostic and treatment capacity but also for the increased survival that follows from them. The result is therefore an increase in the cases that can potentially reach the antention of the Authorized Physician/Competent Physician who – in compliance with the provisions of current legislation – will be thus called to express the suitability assessment for the specific task by applying criteability of workers with previous neoplastic diseases, all that by fully safeguarding the decision-making autonomy – variable from case to case – which is characteristic of the activity of the Authorized Physician/Competent Physician.

The term monoclonal gammopathy refers to a clinical condition characterized by the presence in serum and/or urine of clonal immunoglobulins, i.e. homogeneous immunoglobulins, structurally identical both as a heavy chain and as a light chain, produced by a B cell clone (1). The prevalence of MGUS is low in young subjects (less than 2% of patients with MGUS are less than 40 years of age, while in the population aged over 50 years it is relatively high (3.2%) and increases considerably with age. selleck products Although historically considered to be a benign condition, patients with MGUS are at risk to develop multiple myeloma over time. Therefore, MGUS may be framed as a preneoplastic stage of the plasma cell that precedes the possible development of a multiple myeloma. In a limited percentage of cases, it can be considered the asymptomatic pre-malignant stage preceding multiple myeloma (MM) on a probabilistic basis. Few studies have assessed the prevalence of MGUS in people occupationally exposed to pesticides. Several othere to ionizing radiation for a period of time which should be evaluated on the basis of the evolution of the picture and the progress of laboratory tests during the monitoring period.

The thyroid gland is one of the most radiosensitive human organs. There are two major unwanted consequences from radiation to the thyroid in humans hypothyroidism and neoplasia. In the system of dose limitation medical surveillance undoubtedly acquires obligations with regard to early tumor diagnosis (secondary prevention). On the basis of the risk coefficient of radioinduction of tumors established by international organizations, thyroidology should not be neglected. Following a wide range of doses of ionizing radiation, an increased risk of thyroid adenomas and nodules has been also observed in a variety of populations and settings, continuing for decades following exposure. Considerably less findings are available regarding functional thyroid disease including autoimmune diseases. In general, associations for these outcomes were fairly weak and significant radiation effect were most observed following high dose, particularly for hypothyroidism. Considerably less consistent findings are available regardiny, which is extremely dangerous in the early diagnosis of tumors.

In this article, there will be presented the main aspects of the radiation protection for a site dedicated to the production of radioisotopes by cyclotron for medical use. After analyzing the design parameters of the site for the operation from a point of view of the radiation protection of the operators, the population and the environment (shielding around the accelerator, ventilation system, chimney releases etc.), we will focus our attention to the handling of unsealed sources produced, with particular regard to the operating procedures. The final part will be dedicated to intervention in exceptional operating conditions (entring the bunker due to a machine failure, breaking of a vial during transfer from the hot cell to the transport container and accidental contamination by an operator).

In this article, there will be presented the main aspects of the radiation protection for a site dedicated to the production of radioisotopes by cyclotron for medical use. After analyzing the design parameters of the site for the operation from a point of view of the radiation protection of the operators, the population and the environment (shielding around the accelerator, ventilation system, chimney releases etc.