The results show that the probe will provide a powerful tool for the diagnosis and treatment of toxic hepatitis.In this report, 4-mercaptophenylboronic acid (MBA) and dithiobis (succinimidyl propionate) (DSP) were used as DA molecular recognizer, which bounded onto the prepared Pt@CeO2 nanomaterial and the electrode surface. A sandwich-like electrochemical biosensor was constructed for sensitive detection of dopamine (DA) based on double molecular recognition and Pt@CeO2 (MBA-DSP- Pt@CeO2) as an electrochemical probe for signal amplification. It is worth noting that the diol and amine groups of DA were reacted by the boronic acid of MBA and the succinimide residue of DSP, respectively. This sandwich-like double molecular interaction can efficiently and accurately identify DA. The uniform Pt@CeO2 multicore@shell nanospheres as signal tags and signal amplifiers in electrochemical biosensor were synthesized by hydrothermal, which has excellent catalytic activity for H2O2. Interestingly, more oxygen vacancies were produced in the lattice structure of CeO2 doped with Pt, so that the catalytic and redox performance of the obtained Pt@CeO2 was much better than that of pure CeO2, thus greatly improving the performance of the proposed sensor. The proposed electrochemical biosensor provided a wide detection range of 2-180 nM and a low detection limit (0.71 nM) by the electrochemical measurement. And it also showed ultra-high sensitivity, accuracy and broad application prospect, which developed a new research method for early clinical diagnosis.Extensive medical research showed that patients, with high protein concentration in urine, have various kinds of kidney diseases, referred to as proteinuria. Urinary protein biomarkers are useful for diagnosis of many health conditions – kidney and cardio vascular diseases, cancers, diabetes, infections. This review focuses on the instrumental quantification (electrophoresis, chromatography, immunoassays, mass spectrometry, fluorescence spectroscopy, the infrared spectroscopy, and Raman spectroscopy) of proteins (the most of all albumin) in human urine matrix. Different techniques provide unique information on what constituents of the urine are. Due to complex nature of urine, a separation step by electrophoresis or chromatography are often used for proteomics study of urine. Mass spectrometry is a powerful tool for the discovery and the analysis of biomarkers in urine, however, costs of the analysis are high, especially for quantitative analysis. Immunoassays, which often come with fluorescence detection, are major qualitative and quantitative tools in clinical analysis. While Infrared and Raman spectroscopies do not give extensive information about urine, they could become important tools for the routine clinical diagnostics of kidney problems, due to rapidness and low-cost. Thus, it is important to review all the applicable techniques and methods related to urine analysis. In this review, a brief overview of each technique’s principle is introduced. Where applicable, research papers about protein determination in urine are summarized with the main figures of merits, such as the limit of detection, the detectable range, recovery and accuracy, when available.A simple, sensitive, selective, and enzyme-free homogeneous fluorescent biosensing device for DNA and protein detection is fabricated based on catalytic hairpin assembly (CHA), cationic conjugated polymer (CCP), and graphene oxide (GO). In this biosensing device, CCP together with CHA, provides dual signal amplification, and GO suppresses the background when the target is absent. Thus, this CHA/CCP/GO-based biosensor shows improved sensitivity compared with conventional CHA-based biosensors. In the biosensor, two 6-carboxyfluorescein (FAM)-labeled hairpin DNA probes (H1 and H2) are designed, and in the initial state, they could absorb on the surface of GO, leading the system to produce a low background fluorescence signal. When the target DNA appears, it continually catalyzes the formation of H1-H2 double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) complex by CHA reaction, which could be regarded as the first-step amplification. At the same time, the H1-H2 dsDNA complex departures from the surface of GO and interacts with CCP through electrostatic interaction. Then, CCP provides the second-step amplification due to its high fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) efficiency from CCP to FAM. The limit of detection (LOD) and the limit of quantification (LOQ) for the target DNA could reach 32 pM and 1 nM, respectively. The linear range was from 0.1 to 40 nM, and relative standard deviation (RSD) for the points on the calibration curve ranged from 2.8% to 13.9%. SL327 This strategy could also be applied to protein detection potentially by integrating the aptamer of the target protein into the hairpin DNA. As proof of concept, thrombin was detected, and the LOD and LOQ was 11 pM and 33 pM, respectively. The linear range was from 3 to 54 nM, and RSD ranged from 3.3% to 10.4%. It showed good selectivity for thrombin compared to equal concentrations of interferences. It was also applied to quantify the thrombin (5, 10, 20 nM) in 1% spiked human serum, which showed satisfying recovery in the range of 94.7 ± 5.3 to 103.7 ± 4.9%.Serious difficulties in evaluating the fungicides captan and folpet by the usual chromatography systems coupled to mass spectrometry are well known. These compounds are highly prone to degradation due to different conditions into tetrahydrophthalimide (THPI) and phthalimide (PHI). Such an effect can be produced at different stages of the analytical procedure or during the growing crop, making their evaluation troublesome. As a consequence, the quantification of captan and folpet is typically performed through or together these metabolites. However, imide ring metabolites can be produced by other unknown sources, including other phthalimide derived pesticides enabling false positive results. For this reason, in the last decade, laboratories demand a robust method to quantify captan and folpet, that overcomes such a situation. In the present work, various operational parameters were optimized to ensure the no degradation of captan and folpet facilitated by supercritical fluid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (SFC-MS/MS).