3 ± 2.6 and 98.4 ± 1.6 gm-3d-1 in BY7 and SR10, respectively. The conversion efficiency of Sb (V) to Sb (III) reached up to 70.1% in BY7 and 89.2% in SR10. It was concluded that the total removal efficiency of Sb relies on the amount of sulfide concentration produced by the sulfate reduction reaction. The hydrogen production rate was increased up to 1.25 ± 0.06 (BY7) and 1.36 ± 0.02 m3 H2/(m3·d) (SR10) before addition of Sb and produced up to 0.893 ± 0.03 and 0.981 ± 0.02 m3H2/(m3·d) after addition of Sb. The precipitates were characterized by X-ray diffraction and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, which confirmed Sb (V) was reduced to Sb2S3.Carbon (C) cycling and phytoplankton community succession are very important for hydropower reservoir ecosystems; however, whether the former controls the latter or the reverse is still debated. To understand this process, we investigated phytoplankton species compositions, stable C isotope compositions of dissolved inorganic C and particulate organic C (δ13C-DIC and δ13C-POC), and related environmental factors in seven hydropower reservoirs on the Wujiang River, Southwest China. A total of 36 algal genera from seven phyla were identified, and phytoplankton community exhibited obvious temporal and spatial difference. The δ13C-DIC (from -9.96 to -3.73‰) and δ13C-POC (from -33.44 to -21.17‰) co-varied with the algal species succession and increased markedly during the shift of dominant species from Bacillariophyta to Pyrrophyta or Cyanophyta. In addition, the strong C fixation in the euphotic layer resulted in great δ13C-DIC and CO2 stratification in the reservoir profile. Statistical analyses and C isotope evidence demonstrate that an increase in water temperature triggers phytoplankton community succession, and that CO2 availability is a key to drive the succession direction, and in turn, C cycling is enhanced when phytoplankton are dominated by Pyrrophyta or Cyanophyta in hydropower reservoirs. This study confirms that C cycling and phytoplankton community succession interact with each other and evolve synchronously, and will be helpful to systematically evaluate the environmental consequences of river damming.Co-disposal of bottom ash (BA) with municipal solid waste (MSW) in landfills is commonly used for BA management. However, BA co-disposal may cause clogging of geotextiles in MSW landfills. This study investigated the effect of different BA co-disposal ratios on geotextile clogging, including MSW, low ash co-disposed (BA_L), high ash co-disposed (BA_H) landfills, and BA mono-fill. Results showed that the BA_L group increased the geotextile clogging by 0.1-0.6 times, compared to that in the MSW landfill. In contrast, the geotextile clogging of the BA_H and BA groups was reduced than that in the MSW landfill. The clogging was in a dynamic process during the experimental period in all the conditions, including chemical clogging and bio-clogging. Moreover, bio-clogging was the main contributor to the geotextile clogging, accounting for 64-83% of the total clogging mass. The BA co-disposal affected the leachate characteristics, such as pH, calcium concentration, and alkalinity, resulting in chemical clogging. When pH was above 7.0, calcium concentration and alkalinity were limiting factors for the calcium carbonate formation. In terms of the bio-clogging, the microbial analysis indicated that different BA co-disposal ratios influenced the diversity and structure of microbial community. These findings could help clarify the effect of BA co-disposal on geotextile clogging, thus useful to landfill operation in practice.In urban environments, particularly areas under reconstruction, metals, organic pollutants (OP), and microplastics (MP), are released in large amounts due to heavy traffic. Road runoff, a major transport route for urban pollutants, contributes significantly to a deteriorated water quality in receiving waters. This study was conducted in Gothenburg, Sweden, and is unique because it simultaneously investigates the occurrence of OP, metals, and MP on roads and in stormwater from an urban area under reconstruction. Tacrolimus ic50 Correlations between the various pollutants were also explored. The study was carried out by collecting washwater and sweepsand generated from street sweeping, road surface sampling, and flow-proportional stormwater sampling on several occasions. The liquid and solid samples were analyzed for metals, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), oxy-PAH, aliphatics, aromatics, phthalates, and MP. The occurrence of OP was also analyzed with a non-target screening method of selected samples. Microplastics, i.e. plastic fragments/fibers, paint fragments, tire wear particles (TWP) and bitumen, were analyzed with a method based on density separation with sodium iodide and identification with a stereo microscope, melt-tests, and tactile identification. MP concentrations amounted to 1500 particles/L in stormwater, 51,000 particles/L in washwater, and 2.6 × 106 particles/kg dw in sweepsand. In stormwater, washwater and sweepsand, MP ≥20 μm were found to be dominated by TWP (38%, 83% and 78%, respectively). The results confirm traffic as an important source to MP, OP, and metal emissions. Concentrations exceeding water and sediment quality guidelines for metals (e.g. Cu and Zn), PAH, phthalates, and aliphatic hydrocarbons in the C16-C35 fraction were found in most samples. The results show that the street sweeper collects large amounts of polluted materials and thereby prevents further spread of the pollutants to the receiving stormwater.Over half of the households in India are using unclean cooking fuels (UCF) and exposed to harmful pollutants that has adverse effects on weight of new born baby. Though studies examined the contextual determinants of birth weight, the association of cooking practices and kitchen location with low birth weight (LBW) is limited in India. This paper investigates the comprehensive effects of household air pollution (HAP) on LBW, mean birth weight (MBW) and birth size in India. Data from 93,721 full-term singleton births from the fourth round of National Family Health Survey, conducted during 2015-16 is used in the analyses. Binary logistic and linear regression methods were used to assess the effect of cooking practices on the outcome variables. Children born in households using clean cooking fuels (CCF) (2877 g, 95% CI 2876-2877) had 80 g higher birth weight compared with UCF (2797 g, 95% CI 2796-2798). Households using UCF and cooking without separate kitchen (2779 g, 95% CI2778-2780) had 59 g and 98 g lower MBW as compared to the households using UCF and cooking in separate kitchen (2817 g, 95% CI2816-2818) and CCF respectively.