The section of physician everyday life of the Pirogov congresses discussed not only issues related to economic and legal status of physicians. At its sessions, the need for reforming medical and sanitary legislation and expediency of organization of independent Ministry of health care were considered. Also, various ethical problems of medical activity were brought up (responsibility for non-attendance of patient, court of honor, medical secrecy). The loaded social issues such as abolition of abbacinaire and the death penalty were raised.The article is devoted to the biography and scientific contribution of Miron Semyonovich Vovsi, the eminent Soviet internist, organizer of army internal medicine. For the first time, the materials of his personal records from the Yuriev (Tartu) University and verified date of his birth are publicly introduced. Miron Semyonovich (Meer Simonovic) Vovsi was born on May 12 (24) 1897, in the township of Kreslavka (actually Kraslava, Latvia). In 1915, he entered the medical faculty of Yuriev (actually Tartu) University. In 1918 he was transferred to the Moscow University. He, after serving as military doctor, studied and worked under the guidance of D. D. Pletnev, I. M. Wiechert and V. F. Zelenin. In 1934, he moved to the Botkin hospital and after defending his doctoral thesis, became the head of the Department of internal medicine in the Central institute of advanced medical training, where he worked for more than 30 years. During the Second World War, he was the chief internist of the Red Army. He was engaged in the organization and improvement of army internal medicine. In 1952, during the so-called “physicians case”, he was arrested and tortured for 5 months. After his release, he returned to teaching, medical and scientific activities. BLU-554 concentration He died in 1960. His major areas of scientific contribution to medicine are nephrology, cardiology and army internal medicine.The article presents the experience of reforming primary health care in Belgorod Oblast in 2016-2019. In the process of reforming, the original organizational model of new interaction pattern “family doctor – patient – family members”, was developed and implemented. The measures were taken to strengthen material-technical base and manpower potential of primary medical care. The general practitioners offices were positioned within “step accessibility” for patients. The continuous training of family doctors was organized at the workplace. The unified regional medical information system was developed and implemented enabling corporate conference communications, remote consultations, public feedback and remote arrangement of visits of patients to physician. The differentiated approach to remuneration of medical personnel was implemented using key performance indices that permitted to increase salaries and work quality. As a result of the reforms, the percentage of patients under supervision of family doctors increased up to 13%, the number of medical emergency calls decreased up to 3.3% and the number of calls because of illness decreased up to 17%. The mortality of population older than able-bodied age began to decrease and life expectancy reached relevant 74 years in 2019.The comprehensive diagnosis of abnormalities of development of children during the first years of life is one of the most important targets and the first stage of system of early medical care based on the intersectoral interaction of the experts. The health care facilities play paramount role in identifying children at risk, including ones born with signs of perinatal damage of central nervous system. The article presents results of the experimental study of efficiency of common diagnostic methods of development of children during the first years of life in conditions of polyclinic services. The article also proves the necessity of complementing actual diagnostic instruments by new methods of diagnostic based on complex evaluation of main parameters of psychomotor development of children that will result in timely diagnostic and inclusion of children of risk group to the system of early medical care.The concept of preventable mortality makes it possible to assess health care reserves and to identify priorities of their improvement at the regional level. It was established that in the Republic of Buryatia during 2005-2019, the percentage of the first group by the levels of prevention of causes of death of the old list (Preventable) decreased by 6.1%, mainly due to injuries, poisoning and other consequences of external factors. The percentage of the second and third groups increased by 4.4% and 1.7%, respectively. The cause of increasing of preventable mortality are malignant neoplasms and diseases of respiratory system. The increase of mortality from malignant neoplasms made from11.4% i.e. from 166.3 (2005) up to 185.3 (2019) per 100 thousand of population caused by increasing of mortality of malignant neoplasms included in the first group (malignant neoplasms of lip, mouth, pharynx, esophagus, liver, intrahepatic bile ducts, larynx, trachea, bronchi, lungs, urinary bladder). The increasing of mortality from malignant neoplasms in the second group occurred due to malignant neoplasms of skin, including melanoma, breast, cervix, uterus. In this case, the lateness of seeking medical care, which is characteristic of a large part of population is to be considered. The dynamics of proportion of respiratory diseases in the structure of the third group was characterized by wave-like curve, with minimum in 2008 (45.3%), and maximum in 2014 (65.1%). At the same time, overall mortality of respiratory diseases decreased from 84.9 to 54.6 per 100 thousand of population. Taking into account the results of the study, it is appropriate to update existing regional preventive programs with emphasis on improving diagnostic of malignant neoplasms and appropriateness of regular preventive examinations of population of the Republic.The purpose of the study was to determine potential availability of anti-retrovirus therapy and to justify proposals for selecting and prescribing rational combining of anti-retrovirus medications for HIV treatment. The objects of the study were anti-retrovirus medications authorized in the Russian Federation, information on current national and international approaches and recommendations concerning management of HIV-infected patient and application of anti-retrovirus therapy, including criteria of selecting medications and their combinations. The mathematical approach was applied to calculate the number of potential combinations of anti-retrovirus medications that can be applied to objects in certain conditions. The systemic approach was implemented including content analysis, methods of comparative and one-off analysis, generalization and grouping of information from regulatory documents on anti-retrovirus therapy and official materials on anti-retrovirus medications to develop algorithm of rational selection of anti-retrovirus treatment.