The studied dimers can be classified as low, extremely low, or ultra-low-volatility organic compounds based on their estimated saturation mass concentrations. In the presence of aqueous and organic aerosol particles, all of the studied dimers are likely to partition into the particle phase and thereby contribute to SOA formation.The lyotropic phase behavior of four common and easily accessible glycosides, n-octyl α-d-glycosides, namely, α-Glc-OC8, α-Man-OC8, α-Gal-OC8, and α-Xyl-OC8, was investigated. The presence of normal hexagonal (HI), bicontinuous cubic (VI), and lamellar (Lα) phases in α-Glc-OC8 and α-Man-OC8 including their phase diagrams in water reported previously was verified by deuterium nuclear magnetic resonance (2H NMR), via monitoring the D2O spectra. CDK inhibitor Additionally, the partial binary phase diagrams and the liquid crystal structures formed by α-Gal-OC8 and α-Xyl-OC8 in D2O were constructed and confirmed using small- and wide-angle X-ray scattering and 2H NMR. The average number of bound water molecules (nb) per headgroup in the Lα phase was determined by the systematic measurement of the quadrupolar splitting of D2O over a wide range of molar ratio values (glycoside/D2O), especially at high glucoside composition. The number of bound water molecules bound to the headgroup was found to be around 1.5-2.0 for glucoside, mannoside, and galactoside, all of which possesses four OH groups. In the case of xyloside, which has only three OH groups, the bound water content is ∼2.0. Our findings confirmed that the bound water content of all n-octyl α-d-glycosides studied is lower compared to the number of possible hydrogen bonding sites possibly due to the fact that most of the OH groups are involved in intralayer interaction that holds the lipid assembly together.Strain engineering is widely employed to manipulate the intrinsic relationship of activity and the crystal structure, while the mechanism and rational strategy toward high-performance devices are still under investigation. Here straining engineering is utilized to manipulate a series of a typical perovskite structures via introducing different types of heteroions (Bi1-xMxFeO3, M = Ca2+ or Y3+ ion). The space group R3c in BiFeO3 perovskites is found to be maintained with substituting a certain amount of heteroions at Bi3+ sites (5%). Such a transformation is linked with the mismatched crystal strain induced by the heteroions substituted at Bi3+ sites, while the activity, stability, and energy storage capability of Bi1-xMxFeO3 have been essentially varied. The results offer a strategy for manipulating stability and activity of perovskites in electrochemical energy conversion and storage.The self-assembly of surfactants in aqueous solution can be modulated by the presence of additives including urea, which is a well-known protein denaturant and also present in physiological fluids and agricultural runoff. This study addresses the effects of urea on the structure of micelles formed in water by the fluorinated surfactant perfluoro-n-octanoic acid ammonium salt (PFOA). Analysis of small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) experiments and atomistic molecular dynamics (MD) simulations provide consensus strong evidence for the direct mechanism of urea action on micellization urea helps solvate the hydrophobic micelle core by localizing at the surface of the core in the place of some water molecules. Consequently, urea decreases electrostatic interactions at the micelle shell, changes the micelle shape from prolate ellipsoid to sphere, and decreases the number of surfactant molecules associating in a micelle. These findings inform the interactions and behavior of surface active per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) released in the aqueous environment and biota.Currently, multiple emulsions via liquid-liquid phase separation in ternary polymer solutions have sparked considerable interest because of its remarkable potential in physical, medical, and biological applications. The transient “onion-like” multilayers are highly dependent on the evolution kinetics, which is challenging to be scrutinized in experiments and has not yet been fully understood. Here, we report a thermodynamically consistent multicomponent Cahn-Hilliard model to investigate the kinetics of multiple emulsions by tracing the temporal evolution of the local compositions inside the emulsion droplets. We reveal that the mechanism governing the kinetics is attributed to the competition between surface energy minimization and phase separation. Based on this concept, a generalized morphology diagram for different emulsion patterns is achieved, showing a good accordance with previous experiments. Moreover, combining the analysis for the kinetics and the morphology diagram, we predict new emulsion structures that provide general guidelines to discovery, design, and manipulation of complex multiphase emulsions.Self-assembled lamellar films of poly(N-dodecyl acrylamide-stat-vinyl phosphonic acid) [p(DDA/VPA)] were formed via the segregation between the hydrophilic main chain and VPA and dodecyl side chains. p(DDA/VPA) copolymers were synthesized by free-radical copolymerization of DDA and VPA with VPA molar concentrations of 19% [p(DDA/VPA19)] and 64% [p(DDA/VPA64)]. Both copolymers exhibited a glass-transition temperature (Tg) and melting temperature for p(DDA/VPA19), but no crystalline or liquid-crystalline phase-transition temperatures, which suggests that both copolymers are amorphous. Thin films of the copolymers were prepared by spin coating, and the structure of the films was studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD) measurements. The as-cast films of the copolymers showed broad diffraction patterns, which suggested the formation of alkyl nanodomains similar to that observed in the pDDA homopolymers. On the other hand, the XRD patterns for both copolymer films showed a sharp Bragg diffraction in the low-q region after annealing at 60 °C. Furthermore, the p(DDA/VPA19) film showed first- and second-order Bragg diffractions with a ratio of 12. These XRD patterns suggest that the copolymer films form an ordered lamellar structure. We concluded that the main chain became more hydrophilic by the introduction of VPA, resulting in an increased segregation force relative to the hydrophobic dodecyl side chains, which induces the formation of lamellae. Moreover, doping a p(DDA/VPA64) film with imidazole increased the ordering and uniformity of the lamellar structures due to the increased segregation force by the formation of ion pairs in the hydrophilic comonomer. In their entirety, the results show that statistical copolymerization can be used as a new method to create self-assembled structures.